Mpox

Mpox is a rare viral infection that does not spread easily between people and is usually associated with travel to Central or West Africa, where it is endemic.

Cases of mpox have been identified in several non-endemic countries in the past 12-18 months, including across Europe, the United States, South America, Asia and Australia.

It typically begins with influenza-like illness and swelling of the lymph nodes, then progresses to a widespread rash on the face and body.

Mpox is usually a self-limited disease with the symptoms lasting from 2 to 4 weeks.

The incubation period (the time from infection to the onset of symptoms) of mpox is usually 1-2 weeks days but can be up to 21 days.

Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, low energy, swollen lymph nodes and a skin rash or lesions (symptoms are similar to COVID or the flu).

The rash usually begins within one to three days of the start of a fever and tends to be more concentrated on the face, arms and legs. It can also be found on the mouth, genitals and eyes.

For more information on the signs and symptoms of mpox, head to Emen8

Mpox is transmitted through close physical contact with someone who has symptoms.

The rash, bodily fluids (such as fluid, pus or blood from skin lesions) and scabs are particularly infectious. Ulcers, lesions or sores in the mouth can also be infectious, meaning the virus can spread through saliva.

Clothing, linens or objects that have come into contact with a person who has mpox can also infect others.

Mpox is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, but it can be spread in sexual networks through direct contact during sex or clothing and bedding used by someone with mpox.

Most people with mpox have a mild self-limiting illness and recover within a few weeks without specific treatment.

There are some therapies available for the treatment of mpox particularly for people at high-risk such as those who are immunosuppressed.

There is very limited evidence on mpox in people living with HIV, and most is based on research in countries where access to treatment is low, and experience far negative health outcomes than in Australia.

At the moment people living with HIV should follow the same advice as the general population.

Should evidence emerge that people with suppressed immune systems are at greater risk of mpox, or ill-health from catching the virus, then updated information and advice will be made available.

Most cases detected in Australia are among gay, bisexual or men who have sex with men. One reason for this is the behaviour of gay, bisexual or men who have sex with men to actively seek out sexual health advice. Because mpox rashes can resemble some STIs, such as herpes or syphilis, cases are being detected in sexual health clinics.

The risk of mpox is not limited to gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men. Anyone who has close contact with someone infectious is at risk.

Stigmatising people because of a disease is never okay. Anyone can get or pass on mpox regardless of their sexuality.

You can reduce your risk of contracting mpox by:

Getting vaccinated.

Avoiding contact, including sexual contact, with people who are unwell or have compatible symptoms.

Avoiding skin-to-skin contact, particularly with any rash or lesions.

Avoiding contact with clothing, bedding or objects that have been in contact with or used by people with mpox.

Undertaking good hand hygiene practices.

As always, self-isolate if unwell and seek medical attention if you develop any symptoms.

For more information about mpx head to the Department of Health website 

The vaccine that will be offered to community members is the JYNNEOS smallpox vaccine, which is the latest vaccine available to provide protection against mpox.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How does the vaccine work?

The vaccine is a two-dose vaccine, given at least 28 days apart. A person will start to build protection in the days and weeks after their first dose but will not have full immunity from the vaccine until two weeks after the second dose.

How effective is the vaccine?

The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the vaccine’s efficacy as 85%, in other words preventing 17 out of every 20 infections. It should be noted that studies have been limited and there is a need to grow the evidence in this area.

Protection increases in the weeks following your vaccination. Your clinical provider will be able to provide more information.

What are the common side effects of the vaccine?

Side effects are common but usually mild. Most people have redness, swelling and pain where they get the shot. Tiredness, headache and muscle pain can also occur after vaccination.

Do I need a Medicare card to receive the vaccine?

No. While some vaccination sites may ask you to bring a Medicare card along to your appointment, mpox vaccines are available at no charge to everyone regardless of their Medicare status.

I am planning to travel overseas, should I get the vaccine?

As cases are still being recorded overseas, it’s important that if you have not yet had your two doses, it’s best before you go.

Remember, there is a wait of 28 days before you can get the second dose.

I think I may have been exposed to mpox. Am I eligible for the vaccine?

Anyone categorised by public health authorities as a high risk mpox contact in the past 14 days should get the vaccine. Speak to your GP or healthcare professional about vaccine access if you are a close contact.

I think I may have symptoms of mpox. Am I eligible for the vaccine?

If you have symptoms of mpox it is important to speak to a healthcare provider first before accessing a vaccine appointment. Contact your regular healthcare provider and let them know before attending that you might be experiencing symptoms.

Do I need to get a booster vaccine?

There is no evidence to suggest that people need to get a booster dose for the mpox vaccine. If you have had your two doses, then you have given yourself the best protection against mpox.

Where can I get the vaccine?

Not all GP clinics offer mpox vaccinations, but the best up to date source we’ve found is Emen8’s service map – this will help you find a location nearby that offers the vaccine.